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STI Testing and Fertility

by | Aug 8, 2025 | STI Testing

If you’re thinking about starting a family or planning to undergo fertility treatment, STI testing can be an important first step. You might wonder why this is necessary, especially if you’ve been with your partner for a while, but STI testing is a routine and essential part of ensuring your fertility, designed to protect you, your partner and your future baby.

In this blog, we’ll explore how STIs can affect fertility and pregnancy, why testing matters (even when you feel healthy), and how a NorthGene™ STI test offers a convenient, at-home way to take this proactive step.

Why STI testing matters

The importance of regular testing cannot be overstated, many STIs can be left undiagnosed for long periods of time and can even be carried from previous relationships. As a result, STI testing is a standard procedure when starting fertility treatments such as IVF. The Human Fertilisation & Embryology Authority (HFEA) governs fertility clinics across the UK and requires that all people involved in the treatment – patients, sperm and egg donors – are tested for certain STIs.

Testing is done to ensure there is nothing that might prevent the success of the treatment, because even if you’re asymptomatic, undiagnosed STIs can:

  • lower your changes of conceiving,
  • increase the risk of miscarriage,
  • cause complications for both mother and baby or
  • delay fertility treatment until the infection is remedied.

Identifying and treating STIs early improves the chances of a successful pregnancy and healthy baby.

How STIs impact fertility

With regards to fertility, STIs can have varying effects on both men and women:

In women:

  • STIs such as chlamydia and gonorrhoea can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). In 70% of cases there are no symptoms for PID, but it can lead to scarring in the womb, fallopian tubes and ovaries, alongside blockage of the fallopian tubes. As a result, infertility, chronic pelvic pain and ectopic pregnancies are more likely to occur.

In men:

  • Infections like chlamydia can increase DNA fragmentation and reduce sperm mobility. This can then make egg fertilisation more difficult.
  • The development of urethritis, an infection in the urethra where semen is carried out of the body, is largely due to gonorrhoea. The infection can travel from the urethra to the epididymis, which is located behind the testicles where sperm are stored and matured. This can result in inflammation, pain and swelling, and can affect sperm quality.

How STIs affect pregnancy and the baby

STIs are caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites, and while they aren’t genetic, they can be passed from a mother to her baby during pregnancy or childbirth. This can happen even if the mother doesn’t have any symptoms.

Untreated STIs can lead to serious complications for both the mother and the baby, including:

  • heightened risk of miscarriage or stillbirth,
  • preterm labour, which can lead to significant health problems for the baby at birth and later in their life,
  • low birthweight and
  • increased risk of infections for the baby, including:
    • blood infections,
    • joint infections,
    • conjunctivitis or blindness (especially with gonorrhoea),
    • pneumonia (from chlamydia),
    • scalp infections and
    • liver complications.

Getting tested and treated early can significantly reduce these risks and protect your baby’s long-term health.

Common STIs to be aware of

The potential impact of an STI can vary significantly based on:

  • what STI it is,
  • how long you’ve had it and
  • if it caused damage to your reproductive organs.

Common STIs include:

Chlamydia – This is the most common bacterial STI in the UK, but many people won’t know they have it as it is asymptomatic in up to 75% of women and 50% of men. Untreated chlamydia can increase the risk of miscarriage and preterm delivery. It can also lead to PID, with 10-16% of untreated infections resulting in its development.

Gonorrhoea – Caused by the bacteria ‘neisseria gonorrhoeae’ or gonococcus, gonorrhoea can infect the reproductive organs, lower sperm quality and pose several risks to the baby at birth. Like chlamydia, it is often asymptomatic, affecting 50% of women and 10% of men without them knowing.

Other infections – Mycoplasma can have similar effects to chlamydia and can also cause PID. Trichomoniasis is another infection, though rarely tested for. Despite this, it can have an impact on the likelihood of preterm labour and, on rare, occasions, be passed to the baby at birth.

Even if you don’t have symptoms, an STI could still be causing harm. Therefore, regular testing, especially before trying to conceive, is the best way to protect your fertility and reduce the risk of complications.

Navigating test results

When you complete an STI test, it’s important to know that a positive result might mean a delay in starting IVF treatment until the infection is cleared. The good news is that most of the time, if an infection is detected, it can be treated with no long-term impact on your health or fertility. In some cases where an infection can’t be immediately eliminated, it can still be effectively managed.

If your test results come back negative, your IVF provider might ask for a certificate confirming this. You can easily share your NorthGene™ results as needed to confirm you’re all clear.

Easy, at-home STI testing with NorthGene™

STI testing might not be the first thing you think of for family planning, but it’s one of the most important. Many STIs are easy to treat and testing helps prevent issues that could delay or complicate pregnancy.

At NorthGene™, we offer, simple, reliable at-home STI testing kits that give you peace of mind without needing a clinic visit. When you order a kit, you’ll receive:

  • a discreet test delivered to your door,
  • easy-to-follow instructions and
  • fast, reliable results within 1-2 working days from our laboratory, which you can share with your IVF provider.

Whether you’re actively trying to conceive, planning IVF or are just looking for clarity about your health, taking this simple step can ensure a smoother fertility journey and a healthier future for you and your baby.

To learn more about a NorthGene™ at-home STI test click here or contact our friendly team today.

Tagged: STI Testing

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